Jul 293 min read

4. Sleep apnoea and heart rate variability and exercise

This is the fourth blog in a series of 5 that explores the concept of personalised sleep medicine. The links to 1,2,3 are :

The Hidden Dangers of Sleep Apnea

If you frequently feel excessively tired, sleepy or exhausted during the day regardless of how many hours of sleep you get, you might be one of the millions of people globally experiencing sleep apnea. This common condition causes repeated breathing pause throughout the night due to narrowing of the upper airway during sleep , depriving your body of essential oxygen (1).

While excessive daytime sleepiness is the most recognised symptom, sleep apnoea is linked to more serious health issues such as high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, diabetes and metabolic disorders (2).

Sleep Apnoea's Impact on Heart Rate Variability

Heart rate variability (HRV) refers to the variation in time between each heartbeat. A high HRV is considered healthy, enabling your heart to adapt to various situations and stressors. Conversely, low HRV is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease and other chronic conditions.

Studies indicate that sleep apnoea can significantly reduce HRV. The repeated dips in oxygen levels during sleep and subsequent nocturnal arousals from sleep place extra stress on the body, causing the heart to work harder. Over time, this can lead to inflammation, high blood pressure, and an elevated resting heart rate— all risk factors for heart disease (3-4).

How Can Exercise Help

While CPAP therapy is the primary recommended treatment for sleep apnoea, lifestyle changes such as regular exercise can also offer significant benefits. Here's how exercise may improve both sleep apnea and HRV:

Weight Loss

Carrying excess weight is a major risk factor for sleep apnea. Combining exercise with a healthy diet can help achieve and maintain a healthy weight, reducing the fatty tissue around the upper airway that can the breathing pauses seen in people with Sleep Apnoea (5-6). Connected devices that can assist with activity tracking, heart rate variability and weighing scales are available and can be recommended to take a more personalised approach to weight loss in people with OSA and overweight.

Enhanced Cardiovascular Health

Aerobic exercise strengthens the heart muscle, allowing it to pump blood more efficiently with less effort. This can help lower blood pressure levels and improve HRV by reducing the strain on the heart (7).

Improved Sleep Quality

Exercise can promote better sleep by reducing stress, anxiety, and symptoms of insomnia. Higher quality sleep means fewer disruptions from sleep apnea and more consistent oxygen levels throughout the night (7).

Increased Oxygen Levels

During exercise, your body works harder to supply oxygen to working muscles. This increased oxygen demand can improve respiratory fitness over time, making it easier to breathe while sleeping.

The bottom line? Don’t ignore potential sleep apnoea symptoms like snoring, witnesses breathing pauses, gasping for air, night time chocking episodes, morning headaches, and excessive daytime sleepiness. Get evaluated by a doctor, who may recommend a sleep study. Consider incorporating regular exercise into your routine — it might save your heart in more ways than one!

In the last blog we will show you technology that can help you with considering a more personalised approach to the co-management of people with Sleep apnoea.

4. Sleep apnoea and heart rate variability and exercise

In the last blog we will show you technology that can help you with considering a more personalised approach to the co-management of people with Sleep apnoea.

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